Mocks fail with Paparazzi plugin, NoClassDefFoundError, IllegalArgumentException etc.

[connected-whunt]

Description
Mocks inside unit tests seem to fail when adding the paparazzi plugin. Errors such as:
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityNodeInfo
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not create type

Steps to Reproduce
Test repo here:
https://github.com/connected-whunt/PaparazziMockitoTest

See ExampleUnitTest fails with the above errors, but if you remove Paparazzi (+ MainScreenScreenshotTest) it will run as expected, mocks won't error out.

Expected behavior
Hoping to be able to use mocks in those instances along with Paparazzi tests.

Additional information:

• Paparazzi Version: 1.3.3
• OS: Mac OS 14.3 , Android Studio Iguana | 2023.2.1 RC 2
• Compile SDK: 34
• Gradle Version: 8.4
• Android Gradle Plugin Version: 8.2.2

Screenshots
Example error dump:

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityNodeInfo
	at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedSerializationConstructorAccessor28.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at org.objenesis.instantiator.sun.SunReflectionFactoryInstantiator.newInstance(SunReflectionFactoryInstantiator.java:48)
	at org.objenesis.ObjenesisBase.newInstance(ObjenesisBase.java:73)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.instance.ObjenesisInstantiator.newInstance(ObjenesisInstantiator.java:22)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.doCreateMock(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:376)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.createMock(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:334)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineByteBuddyMockMaker.createMock(InlineByteBuddyMockMaker.java:56)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.createMock(MockUtil.java:99)
	at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:88)
	at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:2037)
	at com.example.papparazitest.ExampleUnitTest.<init>(ExampleUnitTest.kt:96)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:250)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:260)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$2.runReflectiveCall(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:309)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:306)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.evaluate(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:100)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:366)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:103)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:63)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
	at org.mockito.internal.runners.DefaultInternalRunner$1.run(DefaultInternalRunner.java:100)
	at org.mockito.internal.runners.DefaultInternalRunner.run(DefaultInternalRunner.java:107)
	at org.mockito.internal.runners.StrictRunner.run(StrictRunner.java:41)
	at org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner.run(MockitoJUnitRunner.java:163)
	at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:112)
	at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.execute(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:58)
	at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.execute(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:40)
	at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.java:60)
	at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:52)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36)
	at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
	at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:33)
	at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:94)
	at jdk.proxy1/jdk.proxy1.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source)
	at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker$2.run(TestWorker.java:176)
	at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.executeAndMaintainThreadName(TestWorker.java:129)
	at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:100)
	at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:60)
	at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.ActionExecutionWorker.execute(ActionExecutionWorker.java:56)
	at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:113)
	at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:65)
	at worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.run(GradleWorkerMain.java:69)
	at worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.main(GradleWorkerMain.java:74)
Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError: Exception java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: 'boolean android.util.Log.isLoggable(java.lang.String, int)' [in thread "Test worker"]
	at android.util.Log.isLoggable(Native Method)
	at android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityNodeInfo.<clinit>(AccessibilityNodeInfo.java:110)
	at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
	at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.assureInitialization(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:235)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.triggerRetransformation(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:260)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:217)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.lambda$mockClass$0(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:47)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:168)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache$WithInlineExpunction.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:399)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:190)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache$WithInlineExpunction.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:410)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:40)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.createMockType(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:396)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.doCreateMock(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:355)

[jrodbx]

The key part of this (and any stack trace) is the last cause of the chain, i.e.,

Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError: Exception java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: 'boolean android.util.Log.isLoggable(java.lang.String, int)' [in thread "Test worker"]
	at android.util.Log.isLoggable(Native Method)
	at android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityNodeInfo.<clinit>(AccessibilityNodeInfo.java:110)
	at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
	at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:467)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.assureInitialization(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:235)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.triggerRetransformation(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:260)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:217)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.lambda$mockClass$0(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:47)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:168)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache$WithInlineExpunction.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:399)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:190)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache$WithInlineExpunction.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:410)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:40)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.createMockType(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:396)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.doCreateMock(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:355)

I've run the repro locally and also see:

Caused by: java.lang.InternalError: class redefinition failed: invalid class
	at java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses0(Native Method)
	at java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses(InstrumentationImpl.java:169)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.triggerRetransformation(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:280)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:217)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.lambda$mockClass$0(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:47)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:168)
	... 60 more

This is unfortunately a bit of whack-a-mole...I wonder if class loader isolation would help here.

[bytesculptor]

I have the same issue with a few of my unit tests (using Mockk), mostly NoClassDefFoundError. Is there a work around?

[dekaustubh]

I'm getting the same error

java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: 'boolean android.util.Log.isLoggable(java.lang.String, int)'
	at android.util.Log.isLoggable(Native Method)
        ...
        ...
	at io.mockk.impl.eval.RecordedBlockEvaluator$record$block$1.invoke(RecordedBlockEvaluator.kt:24)
	at io.mockk.impl.eval.RecordedBlockEvaluator$enhanceWithRethrow$1.invoke(RecordedBlockEvaluator.kt:76)
	at io.mockk.impl.recording.JvmAutoHinter.autoHint(JvmAutoHinter.kt:23)
	at io.mockk.impl.eval.RecordedBlockEvaluator.record(RecordedBlockEvaluator.kt:39)
	at io.mockk.impl.eval.EveryBlockEvaluator.every(EveryBlockEvaluator.kt:30)
	at io.mockk.MockKDsl.internalEvery(API.kt:94)
	at io.mockk.MockKKt.every(MockK.kt:143)
        ... (My unit test class)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)

[mmiani]

I'm running into the same issue with a bunch of tests using Mockito:

Caused by: java.lang.InternalError: class redefinition failed: invalid class
	at java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses0(Native Method)
	at java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses(InstrumentationImpl.java:169)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.triggerRetransformation(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:281)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(InlineBytecodeGenerator.java:218)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.lambda$mockClass$0(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:47)
	at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:168)

Is there any workaround for this?