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camilogarciabotero committed Jul 29, 2024
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## Let's score the ORFs

ORFs sequences can be scored using different schemes that evaluate them under a biological context. The `NaiveFinder` algorithm provides a simple `scheme` kwarg that allows scoring the ORFs based on any method that takes a `BioSequence` as input, returning a score.
ORFs sequences can be scored using different schemes that evaluate them under a biological context. There are two ways to make this possible: by adding a scoring method to the finder algorithm or by using a scoring method after predicting the ORFs. The first approach is likely more efficient, but the second approach is more flexible. We will showcase the second approach in this example.

A commonly used scoring scheme for ORFs is the *log-odds ratio* score. This score is based on the likelihood of a sequence belonging to a specific stochastic model, such as coding or non-coding. The [BioMarkovChains](https://github.com/camilogarciabotero/BioMarkovChains.jl) package provides a `log_odds_ratio_score` method (currently imported), also known as `lors`, which can be used to score ORFs using the log-odds ratio approach.

```julia
orfs = findorfs(seq, finder=NaiveFinder, scheme=lors)
orfs = findorfs(seq, finder=NaiveFinder)
```

The `score` method can be used later to extract the score of the ORFs.
The `lors` method has been overloaded to take an ORF object and can be used later to calculate the score of the ORFs.

```julia
score.(orfs)
lors.(orfs)

12-element Vector{Float64}:
0.469404606944017
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0.469404606944017
```

To see more about scoring ORFs, check out the [Scoring ORFs](https://camilogarciabotero.github.io/GeneFinder.jl/dev/features/) section in the documentation.
We can extend basically any method that scores a `BioSequence` to score an `ORF` object. To see more about scoring ORFs, check out the [Scoring ORFs](https://camilogarciabotero.github.io/GeneFinder.jl/dev/features/) section in the documentation.

## Writting ORFs into bioinformatic formats

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```bash
cat LFLS01000089.fna

>seq id=01 start=29 stop=40 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=01 start=29 stop=40 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGCAACCCTGA
>seq id=02 start=137 stop=145 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=02 start=137 stop=145 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGCGCTGA
>seq id=03 start=164 stop=184 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=03 start=164 stop=184 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGCGTCGAATGGCACGGTGA
>seq id=04 start=173 stop=184 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=04 start=173 stop=184 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGGCACGGTGA
>seq id=05 start=236 stop=241 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=05 start=236 stop=241 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGTGA
>seq id=06 start=248 stop=268 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=06 start=248 stop=268 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGTGTCCAACGGCAGTCTGA
>seq id=07 start=362 stop=373 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=07 start=362 stop=373 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGCAACCCTGA
>seq id=08 start=470 stop=496 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=08 start=470 stop=496 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGCACTGGCTGGTCCTGTCAATCTGA
>seq id=09 start=551 stop=574 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=09 start=551 stop=574 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGTCACCGCACAAGGCAATGTGA
>seq id=10 start=569 stop=574 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=10 start=569 stop=574 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGTGA
>seq id=11 start=581 stop=601 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=11 start=581 stop=601 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGTGTCCAACGGCAGCCTGA
>seq id=12 start=695 stop=706 strand=+ frame=2 score=0.0
>seq id=12 start=695 stop=706 strand=+ frame=2 features=[]
ATGCAACCCTGA
```

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