The Open Language Models List

📄 Introduction

This is a list of permissively licensed language models with MIT, Apache 2.0, or other similar licenses. We are using the term language model broadly here to include not only autoregressive models but also models that were trained with different objectives such as MLM.

This work was mostly inspired by Stella Biderman's Directory of Generative AI, and The Foundation Model Development Cheatsheet. But unlike these two very comprehensive sources, this work is meant to be a quick and more focused reference.

👑: Model + Data + Code
⭐: Model + Data
⚡: Model + Code

Important

This is still a work in progress. Contributions, corrections, and feedback are very welcome!

🤖 Models

Model	Parameters	Architecture	Encoder	Decoder	MoE	Year	Hugging Face	License
GPT-1	120M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2018	🤗	MIT
BERT-Base-Cased	110M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2018	🤗	Apache 2.0
BERT-Base-Uncased	110M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2018	🤗	Apache 2.0
BERT-Large-Cased	340M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2018	🤗	Apache 2.0
BERT-Large-Uncased	340M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2018	🤗	Apache 2.0
GPT-2-Small	124M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2019	🤗	MIT
GPT-2-Medium	355M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2019	🤗	MIT
GPT-2-Large	774M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2019	🤗	MIT
GPT-2-XL	1.5B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2019	🤗	MIT
T5-Small👑	60M	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
T5-Base👑	220M	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
T5-Large👑	770M	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
T5-3B👑	3B	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
T5-11B👑	11B	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
XLM-RoBERTa-Large	560M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	MIT
XLM-RoBERTa-Base	250M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	MIT
RoBERTa-Base	125M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	MIT
RoBERTa-Large	355M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	MIT
DistilBERT-Base-Cased	66M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
DistilBERT-Base-Uncased	66M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
ALBERT-Base	12M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
ALBERT-Large	18M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
ALBERT-XLarge	60M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
ALBERT-XXLarge	235M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2019	🤗	Apache 2.0
DeBERTa-Base	134M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2020	🤗	MIT
DeBERTa-Large	350M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2020	🤗	MIT
DeBERTa-XLarge	750M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2020	🤗	MIT
ELECTRA-Small-Discriminator	14M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2020	🤗	Apache 2.0
ELECTRA-Base-Discriminator	110M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2020	🤗	Apache 2.0
ELECTRA-Large-Discriminator	335M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2020	🤗	Apache 2.0
GPT-Neo-125M👑	125M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2021	🤗	MIT
GPT-Neo-1.3B👑	1.3B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2021	🤗	MIT
GPT-Neo-2.7B👑	2.7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2021	🤗	MIT
GPT-J👑	6B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2021	🤗	Apache 2.0
XLM-RoBERTa-XL	3.5B	Transformer	✅	-	-	2021	🤗	MIT
XLM-RoBERTa-XXL	10.7B	Transformer	✅	-	-	2021	🤗	MIT
DeBERTa-v2-XLarge	900M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2021	🤗	MIT
DeBERTa-v2-XXLarge	1.5M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2021	🤗	MIT
DeBERTa-v3-XSmall	22M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2021	🤗	MIT
DeBERTa-v3-Small	44M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2021	🤗	MIT
DeBERTa-v3-Base	86M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2021	🤗	MIT
DeBERTa-v3-Large	304M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2021	🤗	MIT
mDeBERTa-v3-Base	86M	Transformer	✅	-	-	2021	🤗	MIT
GPT-NeoX👑	20B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2022	🤗	Apache 2.0
UL2👑	20B	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2022	🤗	Apache 2.0
YaLM⚡	100B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2022	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pythia-14M👑	14M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pythia-70M👑	70M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pythia-160M👑	160M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pythia-410M👑	410M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pythia-1B👑	1B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pythia-1.4B👑	1.4B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pythia-2.8B👑	2.8B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pythia-6.9B👑	6.9B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pythia-12B👑	12B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Cerebras-GPT-111M⭐	111M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Cerebras-GPT-256M⭐	256M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Cerebras-GPT-590M⭐	590M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Cerebras-GPT-1.3B⭐	1.3B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Cerebras-GPT-2.7B⭐	2.7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Cerebras-GPT-6.7B⭐	6.7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Cerebras-GPT-13B⭐	13B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
BTLM👑	3B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Phi-1	1.3B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	MIT
Phi-1.5	1.3B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	MIT
Phi-2	2.7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	MIT
RedPajama-INCITE-3B👑	2.8B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
RedPajama-INCITE-7B👑	6.9B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
FLM	101B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
MPT-7B	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
MPT-7B-8K	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
MPT-30B	30B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mistral-7B-v0.1	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mistral-7B-v0.2	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mistral-7B-v0.3	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Falcon-7B	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Falcon-40B	40B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
TinyLlama	1.1B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenLLaMA-3B-v1👑	3B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenLLaMA-7B-v1👑	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenLLaMA-13B-v1👑	13B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenLLaMA-3B-v2👑	3B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenLLaMA-7B-v2👑	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
DeciLM-7B	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Amber👑	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Solar	10.7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mixtral-8x7B	46.7B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenMoE-base-128B	637M	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mamba-130M	130M	SSM	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mamba-370M	370M	SSM	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mamba-790M	790M	SSM	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mamba-1.4B	1.4M	SSM	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mamba-2.8B	2.8B	SSM	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mamba-2.8B-slimpj	2.8B	SSM	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenBA	15B	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Yi-6B	6B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Yi-6B-200K	6B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Yi-9B	9B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Yi-9B-200K	9B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Yi-34B-200K	34B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Persimmon-8B	8B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Palmyra-3B	3B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Palmyra-Small-128M	128M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Palmyra-Base-5B	5B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
Palmyra-Large-20B	20B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
SEA-LION-3B	3B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	MIT
SEA-LION-7B	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	MIT
PLaMo-13B	13B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2023	🤗	Apache 2.0
LiteLlama	460M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	MIT
H2O-Danube	1.8B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
H2O-Danube2	1.8B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Cosmo	1.8B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
MobiLlama-0.5B	0.5B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
MobiLlama-0.8B	0.8B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
MobiLlama-1B	1.2B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OLMo-1B👑	1B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OLMo-7B👑	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OLMo-7B-Twin-2T👑	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OLMo-1.7-7B👑	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Poro	34B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Grok-1	314B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenMoe-8b-1.1T	8B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenMoE-8B-1T	8B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenMoE-8B-800B	8B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenMoE-8B-600B	8B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenMoE-8B-400B	8B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenMoE-8B-200B	8B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
OpenMoE-34B-200B	34B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Jamba	52B	SSM-Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
JetMoE	8B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mambaoutai	1.6B	SSM	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Tele-FLM	52B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Arctic-Base	480B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Zamba-7B	7B	SSM-Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1	141B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Granite-7b-base	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Chuxin-1.6B-Base👑	1.6B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	MIT
Chuxin-1.6B-1M👑	1.6B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	MIT
Neo👑	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Yi-1.5-6B	6B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Yi-1.5-9B	9B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Yi-1.5-34B	34B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
GECKO-7B	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Qwen2-0.5B	0.5B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Qwen2-1.5B	1.5B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Qwen2-7B	7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Qwen2-57B-A14B	57B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
K2👑	65B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pile-T5-Base👑	248M	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pile-T5-Large👑	783M	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Pile-T5-XL👑	2.85B	Transformer	✅	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
SmolLM-135M👑	135M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
SmolLM-360M👑	360M	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
SmolLM-1.7B👑	1.7B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
GRIN	42B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	MIT
OLMoE-1B-7B👑	7B	Transformer	-	✅	✅	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Zamba2-1.2B	1.2B	SSM-Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Zamba2-2.7B	2.7B	SSM-Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0
Fox-1-1.6B	1.6B	Transformer	-	✅	-	2024	🤗	Apache 2.0

📚 Resources

About Openness

[Blog post] What "Open" Means: A great blog post by John Shaughnessy discussing how the many different incarnations of the word "open".
[Paper] Towards a Framework for Openness in Foundation Models: In this paper, Mozilla and Columbia Institute of Global Politics brought together over 40 leading scholars and practitioners working on openness and AI to discuss the highly debated definitions and benefits of open sourcing foundation models. Among this team are Victor Storchan, Yann LeCun, Justine Tunney, Nathan Lambert, and many others.
[Paper] Rethinking open source generative AI: This paper surveys over 45 generative AI models using an evidence-based framework that distinguishes 14 dimensions of openness, from training datasets to scientific and technical documentation and from licensing to access methods.
[Paper] Risks and Opportunities of Open-Source Generative AI: This paper analyzes the risks and opportunities of open-source generative AI models using a three-stage framework for Gen AI development (near, mid and long-term), and argues that, overall, the benefits of open-source Gen AI outweigh its risks.

📌 Citation

@misc{hamdy2024openlmlist,
  title = {The Open Language Models List},
  author = {Mohammed Hamdy},
  url = {https://github.com/mmhamdy/open-language-models},
  year = {2024},
}

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